Weed Warriors Invasive Weed Training | Extension

The Nevada Noxious Weed Education Program, also recognized as the Weed Warriors Invasive Weed Training Program, is conducted annually. This introductory-level training, hosted at the Washoe County Reno Extension Office, familiarizes participants with methods for identifying both Nevada's noxious and nuisance weeds. It covers the principles of integrated weed management and emphasizes weed control techniques applicable to residential, commercial, and municipal settings, as well as state and federal lands.

Pesticide applicators are eligible to receive up to 11 general Continuing Education Units (CEUs) and 3 law CEUs through this program.
The training is delivered in person and incorporates two days of practical activities utilizing live and preserved samples. This initiative is a collaborative effort between the University of Nevada Extension and the Nevada Department of Agriculture. The hands-on training focuses on Nevada noxious and nuisance weeds, with course content covering Nevada law, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), application techniques, and weed identification. Participants can earn 3 law and 11 general Nevada CEUs.

News Articles, Fact Sheets, Reports...
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Annual Bursage This fact sheet contains information on identifying and managing annual bursage for a northern Nevada homeowner. Learn more about the properties of the plant such as the life cycle, reproduction, control methods, etc. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-64
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Black Medic This fact sheet contains information on black medic to help homeowners identify and manage the plant. Learn more about the plant and the control methods to maintain the plant. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2013, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-13
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Blue Mustard This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage blue mustard. Learn interesting facts about the plant and the control methods to manage the plant. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-61
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Broadleaf Plantain This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage broadleaf plantain for homeowners. Learn more about the plant by reading about the properties such as the life cycle, reproduction, control methods, etc. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-17
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Buckhorn Plantain This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage buckhorn plantain for homeowners. Learn more about the plant properties such as the life cycle, reproduction, control methods, and many more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-18
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Bull Thistle This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage null thistle for homeowners. Learn more about the different properties of the plant such as the life cycle reproduction, control methods, and many more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-19
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Bur Buttercup This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage bur buttercup for homeowners. Learn more about the plant properties such as life cycle, reproduction, control methods, and more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-20
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Chicory Chicory grows up to 3 or more feet tall, with most of the leaves growing at the base of the plant. This gives a skeleton-like appearance to the upper part of the plant. The leaves have been used as salad greens, and the root as a coffee substitute. Learn more about Chicory in this fact sheet. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2013, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-10
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Cocklebur This fact sheet contains information on ways to maintain and control cocklebur. Learn more about the plant by reading an in-depth guide on the features of the plant and control methods. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2013, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-11
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Lambsquarters This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage common lamsquarters. Learn many things about the plant such as the life cycle, reproduction, control methods, etc. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-63
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Mallow This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage Common Mallow for homeowners. Learn more about the plant properties such as where it grows, life cycle, reproduction, control methods, and more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-21
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Mullein This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage common mullein for homeowners. Learn more about the plant properties such as where it grows, life cycle, reproduction, control methods, and more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-22
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Common Purslane This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage common purslane for homeowners. Learn more about the plant properties such as where it grows, life cycle, reproduction, control methods, and more. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-10-26
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Coyote Tobacco This fact sheet contains information on coyote tobacco to help homeowners identify and manage the plant. learn more about the plant and the different control methods involved with the plant. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2013, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-14
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Curlycup Gumweed This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage curlycup gumweed. Learn about the properties of the plant such as life cycle, reproduction, control methods, etc. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-60
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Cutleaf Nightshade This fact sheet contains information on cutleaf nightshade to help homeowners identify and manage the plant. Learn about each part of the plant and the controls methods to maintain the plant. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2012, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-12
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Dandelions Guide to identifying and managing Dandelions. Common pests of turf, dandelions grow in a rosette (ground-hugging form) that develops into a bushy plant. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-24
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Flixweed Guide to identifying and managing Flixweed, a bushy, much-branched plant that grows up to 2 or more feet tall, flixweed blooms early in the spring. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-25
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Hare Barley Guide to identifying and managing Hare barley. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-26
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Kochia Guide to identifying and managing Kochia that when mature, grows into a Christmas tree -shaped plant 1 to 6 feet tall. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-27
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Poverty Sumpweed This fact sheet contains information on poverty sumpweed for homeowners to identify and manage the plant. Learn about the properties of the plant and the control methods to manage the plant. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2013, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-13-15
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Redroot Pigweed Guide to Identifying and Managing Redroot Pigweed, a common source of late-summer allergies. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-29
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Russian Thistles Guide to identifying and managing Russian thistles which grows into a bushy, prickly plant that breaks off at ground level and rolls with the wind when mature. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-31
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Tumble Mustard Guide to identifying and managing Tumble mustard, a bushy, much-branched plant that grows up to 5 feet tall. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-32
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Western Salsify This fact sheet contains information on ways to identify and manage western salsify. Learn more about different properties of the plant such as the life cycle, reproduction, control methods, etc. Donaldson, S. and Hanson Mazet, W. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-62
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Broadleaf Plantain Guide to managing Broadleaf Plantain, a perennial that is a common pest of lawns and gardens. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-17
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Buckhorn Plantain Guide to managing Buckhorn plantain, A perennial that has long stems with flowering spikes. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-18
A Northern Nevada Homeowner’s Guide to Identifying and Managing Bull Thistle Guide to managing Bull Thistle, which grows as a rosette (ground-hugging form) in the first year, and then sends up stems and flowers in the second year, growing to 6 feet tall. Donaldson, S., Hanson Mazet, W. 2010, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno FS-10-19
Almacenamiento Seguro de Pesticidas / Storing Pesticides Safely Esta publicación describe la forma correcta de almacenar los pesticidas de manera segura y cómo eliminar los pesticidas no deseados. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-03
Be Careful! Cheatgrass is extremely flammable! Dry cheatgrass is one of the most easily ignitable substances on Nevada's rangelands. It is the kindling that fuels many of our wildfires. Once ignited, cheatgrass fires can travel very fast. Be careful! Be prepared! Smith, Ed, Davison, Jay 2008, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno SP-05-08
Cleaning Pesticide-Contaminated Clothing / Lavado de Ropa Contaminada por Pesticidas This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes the proper way to clean pesticide-contaminated clothing while minimizing pesticide contamination in the home. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-08
Cómo los Pesticidas entran en tu Cuerpo / How Pesticides Enter Your Body Esta publicación describe las diferentes formas en que los pesticidas pueden ingresar al cuerpo y cuales son los signos y síntomas de intoxicación por causa del uso de pesticidas. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-05
Desecho de manera segura de los pesticidas y los envases de pesticidas / Disposing of Pesticides and Pesticide Containers Safely Esta publicación describe la forma correcta de eliminar los pesticidas y los envases que contienen pesticidas en Nevada. Este es uno de una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-09
Differential Herbicide Effectiveness on Adjacent Populations of Young (Seedling) and Mature Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium). Schultz, B.W. 2011, Journal of NACAA. 4:2.
Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Education and Implementation Results in Nevada Traditionally, new weed invasions are not detected or addressed until they are so dense and widespread that eradication is not feasible. Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) is an approach to weed control that emphasizes controlling new, invading weeds while the populations are localized and small. Newton, J., Davison, J., Schultz, B., Blecker, L., and Creech, E. 2013, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Emergency First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning / Primeros Auxilios en caso de una Emergencia de Intoxicación de Pesticidas This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes emergency first aid for pesticide poisonings, emergency eye flush procedures and the worker protection standard requirements for decontamination supplies. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-07
Enfermedades relacionadas con Calor: Síntomas, Primeros Auxilios y Prevención / Heat-Related Illnesses: Symptoms, First Aid and Prevention Esta publicación describe las 4 enfermedades principales relacionadas con el calor: insolación, agotamiento por causa del calor, calambres por el calor y sarpullido por el calor. Esta es una de una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno FS-02-06
Entrenamiento en la Seguridad de Pesticidas: Como Protegerte Mientras se Aplican los Pesticidas Video El hecho de protegerte mientras se aplican los pesticidas es muy importante. Según la Agencia a cargo de la Protección Ambiental, un pesticida es cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias destinadas a prevenir, destruir o repeler cualquier plaga. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., and Harrison, D. 2020, University of Nevada, Extension, YouTube Channel
Entrenamiento en la Seguridad de Pesticidas: El Manejo Segura de Pesticidas Video En este video, hablaremos sobre el manejo seguro de pesticidas, que incluye cuatro áreas relacionadas con la seguridad: el almacenamiento adecuado de pesticidas, el transporte seguro de pesticidas, la eliminación de pesticidas que no se han utilizado y la eliminación de los contenedores que se usan para los pesticidas Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., and Harrison, D. 2020, University of Nevada, Extension, YouTube Channel
Equipo de Protección Personal / Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Esta publicación describe el Equipo de Protección Personal (Personal Protective Equipment) o PPE, cuál es el requisito mínimo de un PPE para la mayoría de los pesticidas, consejos para el uso del PPE y cómo cuidarlo. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-04
Fall-Grazing and Grazing-Exclusion Effects on Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Seed Bank Assays in Nevada, United States Assessment of cheatgrass seed bank characteristics under fall-grazing by cattle and grazing exclusion treatments BL Perryman, BW Schultz, M Burrows, T Shenkorua, J Wilker 2020, Rangeland Ecology & Management
Green Industry Professional’s Guide to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) A Green Industry Professional’s Guide to Integrated Pest Management is designed to help green industry personnel understand IPM and to aid in implementing a pest control plan. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H. 2017, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension SP-17-14
How Pesticides Enter Your Body / Cómo los Pesticidas entran en tu Cuerpo This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes the different ways pesticides can enter the body and the signs and symptoms of pesticide poisoning. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-05
Identification and Management of Oxeye Daisy Oxeye daisy is a perennial in the sunflower family. A native of Eurasia, it is sold as an ornamental, but has escaped cultivation. Oxeye daisy’s greatest impact is on forage production in infested meadows and pastures. Johnson, W. and Macknet, D. 2006, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Integrated Weed Management in and around Established Alfalfa Fields Many weeds are less palatable or nutritious for livestock than alfalfa, or are toxic. Weeds establish in alfalfa when the alfalfa is both growing and dormant. This fact sheet is intended to facilitate management decisions that reduce economic losses in established alfalfa due to weed pests. Blecker, L., Davison, J., Schultz, B., and Newton, J. 2012, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Integrated Weed Management in Seedling Alfalfa Seedling alfalfa is vulnerable to weed competition because seedlings grow slowly and do not compete well with weeds. Weed competition in new alfalfa stands impedes root development and lowers forage quality and alfalfa yield. The damage caused to seedling alfalfa can last the life of the stand. Blecker, L., Creech, E., and Davison, J. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-01
Lavado de Ropa Contaminada por Pesticidas / Cleaning Pesticide-Contaminated Clothing Esta publicación describe la manera correcta de cómo se debe limpiar la ropa contaminada con pesticidas, y al mismo tiempo cómo reducir la contaminación de pesticidas en el hogar. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheets FS-20-08
Managing and Reporting Pesticide Spills / Manejo y Reporte de Derrames de Pesticidas This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes dealing with pesticide spills, what materials should be in a spill kit, how to dispose of spill materials and how to report a pesticide spill. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Fact Sheet FS-20-01
Managing Spotted Knapweed Spotted knapweed is an invasive, noxious weed that should be prevented from invading lands in Nevada. It can be successfully managed over time using a variety of integrated measures if addressed in an aggressive, consistent manner using the best knowledge about control methods available. Graham, J. and Johnson, W. 2004, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Manejo y Reporte de Derrames de Pesticidas / Managing and Reporting Pesticide Spills Esta publicación describe cómo se debe tratar los derrames de pesticidas, qué materiales deben estar en un kit en caso de derrames, cómo desechar los materiales de derrame y cómo reportar un derrame de pesticidas. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-01
Medusahead A Threat to Your Wildlife, Rangelands and Pasture Medusahead is an introduced annual grass from the Mediterranean area of Eurasia. This invasive weed grows on at least 6,000 acres in Paradise Valley, Nev., where it occupies disturbed areas but can also invade optimal habitat used by mule deer, sage grouse, other wildlife and livestock. Schultz, B. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, SP-11-16
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Churchill County: Part 1 of 5 - Problem Weeds, Approaches and Methods of Control This publication discusses the results from a needs assessment conducted by the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE) to identify problem weeds, the approaches and methods for control. Davison, J., Powell, P., Schultz, B., Creech, E., and Singletary, L. 2011, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-72
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Churchill County: Part 2 of 5 - Problems of and Obstacles to Weed Management This publication discusses the results from a needs assessment conducted by the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension and looks at the problems and obstacles associated with weed management. Powell, P., Davison, J., Schultz, B., Creech, E., and Singletary, L. 2011, University of Nevada Extension, FS-2011-73
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Churchill County: Part 3 of 5 - Spread, Detection and Prevention of Weeds This publication discusses the results from a needs assessment conducted by the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension to discuss the spread, detection and prevention of weeds. Davison, J., Powell, P., Schultz, B., Creech, E., and Singletary, L. 2011, University of Nevada Extension, FS-2011-74
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Churchill County: Part 4 of 5 - Criteria for Herbicide Use and Selection This fact sheet is the fourth in a series of five that reports the results of a needs assessment survey completed by faculty in University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE). The survey attempted to identify the major issues related to the management and control of weeds in Nevada. Davison, J., Powell, P., Schultz, B., and Singletary, L. 2012, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Churchill County: Part 5 of 5 - Priority Research and Outreach This fact sheet is the fifth in a series of five that reports the results of a needs assessment survey completed by faculty in University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE). The survey attempted to identify the major issues related to the management and control of weeds in Nevada. Davison, J., Powell, P., Schultz, B., and Singletary, L. 2012, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Needs Assessment for Noxious Weeds in Pershing County: Part 1 of 5 – Problem Weeds and Approaches and Methods of Control Located in northwestern Nevada, Pershing County has 135 farms and ranches covering more than 244,249 acres, excluding public lands in BLM-administered grazing allotments. The average farm size is 1,809 acres (2008 USDA Agricultural Census). Foster, S., Schultz, B., and Singletary, L. 2011, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Nevada Integrated Pest Management Continuing Education Unit Course Directions on how to use navigate and the online course for the Nevada Integrated Pest Management Continuing Education Unit (CEU) Jensen, C. 2024, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno. IP
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – African mustard African mustard is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., H. Kratsch, Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – African rue African rue is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Austrian fieldcress Austrian fieldcress is a non-native plant that disrupts native vegetation because they have no natural controls and are able to adapt to varied conditions. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Barbed goatgrass Barbed goatgrass is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Black henbane Black henbane is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Camelthorn Camelthorn is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Canada thistle Canada thistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Common crupina Common crupina is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Common St. Johnswort Common St. Johnswort is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Crimson fountaingrass Crimson fountaingrass is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Curlyleaf pondweed Curlyleaf pondweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Dalmatian toadflax Dalmation toadflax is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Diffuse knapweed Diffuse knapweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Dyer's woad Dyer's woad is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Eurasian watermilfoil Eurasian watermilfoil is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Flowering rush Flowering rush is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Giant reed Giant reed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Giant salvinia Giant salvinia is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Hoary cress Hoary cress is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Horsenettle Horsenettle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Houndstongue Houndstongue is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Iberian starthistle Iberian starthistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Johnsongrass Johnsongrass is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Jointed goatgrass Jointed goatgrass is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Leafy spurge Leafy spurge is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Malta starthistle Malta starthistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Mayweed chamomile Mayweed chamomile is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2021, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Mediterranean desert knapweed Mediterranean desert knapweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Mediterranean sage Mediterranean sage is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Medusahead Medusahead is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Musk thistle Musk thistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Perennial pepperweed Perennial pepperweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Perennial sowthistle Perennial sowthistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Poison-hemlock Poison-hemlock is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Puncturevine Puncturevine is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Purple Starthistle Purple starthistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Rush skeletonweed Rush skeletonweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Russian knapweed Russian knapweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Saltcedar Saltcedar is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Scotch thistle Scotch thistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Silverleaf nightshade Silverleaf nightshade is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Spotted knapweed Spotted knapweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Squarrose knapweed Squarrose knapweed is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Sulfur cinquefoil Sulfur cinquefoil is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Swainsonpea Swainsonpea is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Syrian beancaper Syrian beancaper is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Becker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Ventenata Ventenata is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Waterhemlock Waterhemlock is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide – Yellow starthistle Yellow starthistle is a noxious weed that has been identified by the state of Nevada to be harmful to agriculture, the general public, or the environment. Learn more about this weed. Blecker, L., Creech, E., Dick, J., Gephart, S., Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Moe, A., Schultz, B. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Field Guide
Nevada Nuisance Weeds Field Guide The plants listed in this field guide are nuisance weeds, those that are troublesome, but have not been listed by the state as noxious weeds. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H. 2018, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension SP-18-02
Nevada Online Pesticide Safety Course Instructions for how to navigate to and take the Nevada Online Pesticide Safety Course. Hefner, M. 2020, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno. IP
Nevada Pesticide Applicators Certification Workbook Resource for professionals studying the application of pesticides. Hefner, M., 2023, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, SP-87-07
Non-Chemical Weed Control for Small Acreage Farmers in Nevada Many small acreage farming operations are organic-based or strongly prefer weed management recommendations that preclude the use of conventional herbicides. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide basic information and resources on non-chemical weed control options for these small acreage farmers. Davison, J. and Newton, J. 2012, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Paradise Valley Weed Control Demonstration Plot: Russian Knapweed Russian knapweed is a long-lived perennial broadleaf forb. New populations typically establish from seedlings. Long-term, its spread is largely from the lateral expansion of an extensive creeping root system. Individual plants reproduce vegetatively (i.e., are clonal) and become patches with many interconnected stems. Schultz, B. 2005, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Paradise Valley Weed Control Demonstration Plots: Hoary Cress Noxious weeds are species considered detrimental or destructive, and difficult to control or eradicate. In Nevada, noxious weeds are prohibited in commerce, and state law mandates their control or management. Schultz, B. 2005, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) / Equipo de Protección Personal This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes Personal Protective Equipment or PPE, what the minimum PPE requirement is for most pesticides, tips for using PPE and how to care for PPE. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-04
Pets and Pesticide Use Pets are an important part of our lives. The animals that share our homes, yards and properties rely on us for protection and safety. Some pesticide products used in and around our homes, in our yards and on our lawns can harm our pets and other domestic animals if not used properly. Donaldson, S., Hefner, M., and Moses, C. 2010, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, FS-10-06
Primeros Auxilios en caso de una Emergencia de Intoxicación de Pesticidas / Emergency First Aid for Pesticide Poisoning Esta publicación describe los primeros auxilios en caso de emergencia de las intoxicaciones por causa de pesticidas y procedimientos de enjuague de ojos en caso de emergencia. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Fisher, J., Kratsch, H., and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-02-07
Protecting Pollinators/ Protegiendo a los Polinizadores This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes how to protect pollinators during a pesticide application. It also describes native bees and provides additional resources for information. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-10
Protegiendo a los Polinizadores / Protecting Pollinators Esta publicación describe cómo proteger a los polinizadores durante la aplicación de pesticidas. También describe a las abejas nativas y proporciona recursos adicionales para obtener mayor información. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-10
Reducing cheatgrass fuel loads using fall cattle grazing Foster, S., Schmelzer, L., Wilker, J., Schultz, B., McAdoo, K., Swanson, S., and Perryman, B. 2015, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, SP-15-03. P.11.
Response of seedling and one and two year-old perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) plants to herbicide control. Schultz, B.W. 2012, Journal of the NACAA. 5:1.
Russian Knapweed Control Trial 2013-2015, Pershing County A document of effective ways to maintain and control Russian Knapweed crops. Foster, S., and Schultz, B. 2016, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, PS-16-04
Storing Pesticides Safely/ Almacenamiento Seguro de Pesticidas This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes the proper way to store pesticides safely and how to dispose of unwanted pesticides. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-03
The Noxious Weed Seedbank: Out of Sight – Out of Mind and Eventually Out of Control To develop and implement successful weed control and management programs, landowners and managers must understand the seedbank, including how long it may persist without additional inputs. Learn more about seedbank in this fact sheet. Schultz, B. 2012, Extension \| University of Nevada, Reno, FS-12-01
The response of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) to physical and chemical mowing and subsequent herbicide treatment. Schultz, B.W., Creech, E., and McAdoo, J.K. 2014, UNCE Special Publication. SP-14-02. P.19.
Transporte de Pesticidas de forma Segura / Transporting Pesticides Safely Esta publicación describe cómo se debe transportar los pesticidas de manera segura, y cómo y cuándo reportar los derrames de pesticidas. Esta es una en una serie de 10 hojas que contienen datos sobre el Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, University of Nevada, Reno Extension Fact Sheet FS-20-02
Transporting Pesticides Safely / Transporte de Pesticidas de forma Segura This bilingual (Spanish and English) publication describes how to transport pesticides safely and how and when to report pesticide spills. This is one of a series of 10 Pesticide Use and Safety/ Uso y Seguridad de Pesticidas fact sheets. Hefner, M., Kratsch, H., Fisher, J. and Schaerer, M.F. 2020, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno Fact Sheets FS-20-02
Using Pre-emergence Herbicides for Weed Control in the Home Landscape Practical tips for using preemergence herbicides correctly in the home landscape, including how preemergence herbicides work and risks to consider when making a preemergence herbicide application. A list of common preemergence products is included. Donaldson, S. and Skelly, J. 2011, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, Fact Sheet 11-67
Viewpoint: An alternative Management Paradigm for Plant Communities Affected by Invasive Annual Grasses in the Intermountain West Today’s landscapes are not those described in 1860. With over 400,000 km2 colonized by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and other annual grasses, we believe it is time to declare: The pristine-management-paradigm has failed. Continued, wholesale application of this concept is misguided. Perryman, B. L., Schultz, B. W., Mcadoo, J. K., Alverts, B., Cervantes, J. C., Foster, S., McCuin, G., Swanson, S. R. 2018, Rangelands. 40:77-82
What to Consider Before Using Soil Sterilant or “Bare-ground” Herbicides This fact sheet contains information on things to consider before using soil sterilant or “Bare-ground” herbicides so that gardeners, landowners or property managers are awake of the effects before using the herbicides. Learn about the properties of soil sterilants, sample label language, and many more. Skelly, J. and Donaldson, S. 2011, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, FS-11-69

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Heidi Kratsch

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Carrie Jensen

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