Historically, governments have had to put serious restrictions on researchers. In fact, the origin of codes of research ethics can be traced to the NUREMBERG CODE, a list of rules established by a military tribunal on Nazi war crimes during World War II.

The principles outlined in the Nuremberg Code include:

Voluntary consent
Avoidance of unnecessary suffering
Avoidance of accidental death or disability
Termination of research if harm is likely
Experiments should be conducted by highly qualified people
Results should be for the good of society and unattainable by any other means

Moody, N 2020, Research Involving Human Subjects, Research & Innovation, University of Nevada, Reno

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Research Involving Human Subjects

The principles outlined in the Nuremberg Code include:

Voluntary consent
Avoidance of unnecessary suffering
Avoidance of accidental death or disability
Termination of research if harm is likely
Experiments should be conducted by highly qualified people
Results should be for the good of society and unattainable by any other means

Published by: Moody, N, 2020, Research Involving Human Subjects, Research & Innovation, University of Nevada, Reno