Swanson, S., Schultz, B., Novak-Echenique, P., Dyer, K., McCuin, G., Linebaugh, J., Perryman, P., Tueller, P., Jenkins, R., Scherrer, B., Vogel, T., Voth, D., Freese, M., Shane, R., McGowan, K. 2018, Nevada Rangeland Monitoring Handbook (3rd) | Chapter 09 - Detecting Patterns of Vegetation Change Across a Landscape, Extension | University of Nevada, Reno, SP-18-03

Some vegetation changes occur on a landscape scale, such as an expanding plant community (e.g., advancing pinyon/juniper or invasive weeds) or as cumulative effects (e.g., increased acreage of dominance by annuals). Monitoring these changes helps to identify transitions across thresholds, from one state to another. (See information on state and transition models in Appendix B – Ecological Sites.) Although such changes can be detected or tracked with many individual plots, it is often more efficient to track landscape patterns with photos, or other remotely sensed imagery, or maps. While some landscape-scale issues or changes are easy to observe, others can be detected through the use of pattern analysis techniques. Suitable data are needed for these analyses. It is imperative to include location markers for georeferencing. Appendix F — Scales in Monitoring further discusses this topic.

Photos or Other Remote Sensing

Vegetation changes visible at the landscape scale can be tracked with remote sensing when images are interpreted correctly. GIS software can be used in concert with remotely sensed data to capture, analyze and produce raster data sets that contain metrics of change across landscapes. Stereo coverage is desirable (Appendix G – Remotes Sensing to Monitor Rangelands).


1971 photo with sparce pinyon and or juniper trees  taken by Robin Tausch in the Shoshone Range
Figure 35. This photo pair taken by Robin Tausch in 1971 and 2007 in the Shoshone Range
2007 photo with dense and larger pinyon and or juniper trees  taken by Robin Tausch in the Shoshone Range
has helped many people understand the consequences of altered fire regimes and pinyon-Juniper encroachment.

Weed Maps

Maps of weed inventories can show patterns of dispersal. They help identify vectors and track the long-term control or expansion of individual populations. Maps can also be used with sampling to document weed density or weed control treatments. The value of these maps depends on the accuracy and completeness of the weed inventory data. Weed maps (point locations or patch polygons), maps of disturbance, and remote sensing can help stratify the landscape and prioritize areas for coordinated weed surveillance and mapping. Because weed management and monitoring are so important, continued development of monitoring protocols are expected and needed. One critical activity is consistently recording into a permanent and readily accessible database the structured and random observations of agency personnel, ranchers, cooperative weed management group employees or volunteers, the public, and other land users. To accomplish this, the Nevada Department of Agriculture encourages all users to enter observations of noxious and invasive weeds into a smart phone application named EDDMaps (https://www.eddmaps.org/ ). The EDDMaps application has an integrated photo library.


Screen shot of Eddmaps web site (https://www.eddmaps.org/ ).
Figure 34. The EDDMapS App. Supported by Nevada Department of Agriculture has been used across Nevada to map weed distributions.

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Also of Interest:

 
A Change in the Ecological Understanding of Rangelands in the Great Basin and Intermountain West and Implications for Management: Revisiting Mack and Thompson (1982) Perryman, P., Schultz, B., Meiman, P. 2021, Rangeland Ecology & Management Vol 76, Pages 1-11
Historical Fire and Ventenata dubia Invasion in a Temperate Grassland
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Luke W. Ridder, JoAnna M.Perrena, Lesley R.Morris, Bryan A.Endress, Robert V.Taylord, Bridgett J.Naylore 2021, Rangeland Ecology & Management, Vol 75, March 2021, Pg. 35-40
Strategies for Grazing Management
Informational publication on various strategies for grazing management, such as targeted grazing, for fuel management, or with multiple grazing species.
Swanson, S., Voth, D. 2019, Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, IP-19-02
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Fires unleash devastating losses on Nevada ranches, grazing areas, and habitat. Each leaves Nevada lands more vulnerable to future fires. Knowing how to care for Nevada's land before and after disturbances is key to reducing wildland fire risk and repairing lands post-fire. This ...
Andrews, A. 2019, Nevada Today
Nevada Rangeland Monitoring Handbook (3rd) - Introduction
This report was designed to provide a clear overview of the complex and often confusing world of rangeland monitoring. Included are a suite of short- and long-term monitoring methods.
Swanson, S., Schultz, B., Novak-Echenique, P., Dyer, K., McCuin, G., Linebaugh, J., Perryman, P., Tueller, P., Jenkins, R., Scherrer, B., Vogel, T., Voth, D., Freese, M., Shane, R., McGowan, K. 2018, Extension | University of Nevada, Reno, SP-18-03